When a system can’t “see” its real costs, it optimizes itself into collapse. The fix is not morality it’s measurement. We’ve turned resilience into a personality compliment. “They’re resilient.” As if it’s a genetic gift. As if the system has nothing to do with it. That story is convenient because it makes failure feel personal. But resilience is not primarily a trait. It is a design outcome. A resilient system has three properties: 1. Buffers Slack is not waste; it is survi